19. order
《英语自学》1985年第1期第31页(上海外语教育出版社出版):
The king became so angry that he ordered to have Robin Hood arrested。
【评】该句的意思是“国王大怒,下令逮捕罗宾汉”,但该句“ordered”以后应作如下改动以符合规范用法:ordered Robin Hood to be arrested;ordered Robin Hood arrested(美国英语用法);ordered his men to arrest Robin Hood. 这是因为“ordered”作“命令”解的用法时必须接宾语和带to的不定式(在美国英语中可省去“to be”)而不能单接不定式。又如:He ordered the investigation(to be)started at once. 他命令立刻开始研究。再举几个其他搭配的句子:They ordered that he(should)be punished. 他们下令处罚他。/He has been ordered abroad. 他已被命令出国。/She was ordered back to China. 她奉命令返回中国。/He ordered me to go. 他命令我走。
20. present
《上海学生英文报》第1版(1985年9月10日):
Our reporter first presented the secretary two copies of the paper。
【评】该句的意思是“我报记者首先将本报两份赠送给那位书记”,但在“secretary”之后宜加上“with”。一般讲,“present”不是双宾语及物动词(与“give”不同),因此我们通常使用“present some body with something”,“present something to somebody”,“somebody is presented with something”,“something is presented to somebody”等结构。顺便一提,动词“furnish”和“provide”的正规用法与“present”一样,不能跟有两个宾语,但在使用过程中,已发展到像“give”一样,也可跟有两个宾语了;例如:He furnished a boy(with)a book. 他提供男孩一本书。/The farm provided them(with)all the food they needed. 农场提供他们所需的粮食。即使这样,“furnish”和“provide”还是不接两个宾语较妥,“present”更是如此。商务印书馆1981年出版的《学生英语常用词词典》第451页中有例句“I was presented a book.”(有人送给我一本书。),笔者认为在“presented”后加上“with”(或将“presented”改为“given”)较为妥当。
21. thank
《该怎么讲》第28页:
Thank you very much for your inviting me to come to your home and spend some days with you。
【评】该句的意思是“十分感谢你邀请我到你家去和你们一起盘桓几天”,但句中的第一个“your”应删去。在表示“为某事物感谢某人”时,我们通常采用“thank some body for+动名词”,“thank somebody for+物主代词+名词”,“thank somebody for+名词+修饰语句”,或“thank somebody+for+宾语从句”等结构。因此,该句应改为“Thank you very much for inviting me to come…”或“Thank you very much for your invitation to come…”。又如:Thank(或I thank)you for lending me your dictionary. (承蒙你把你的词典借给我用,谢谢。)/Thank(或I thank)you for your help(advice).谢谢你的帮助(指教)。/The old man thanked me for helping him across the road. 那位老人感谢我搀扶他过马路。/Thank you for the nice present you sent me. 承你送给我那件精英礼物,谢谢。/Thank you for what you have done for me. 对你为我做的事,我感谢你。此外,我们不能把“I thank you for your help”说成“I thank your help”或“I thank for your help”。石油化学工业出版社1975年出版的《科技英语阅读手册》第181页有例句“We thank for the love of the Party to us.”(我们感谢党对我们的爱护。)这句应改正为“We thank the Party for her(或its)love to us”。
顺便一提,表示“奖惩、报偿、谢罪”等意义的某些及物动词(如praise,punish,reward,compensate,excuse,forgive,pardon等)也有类似用法。例如:He was praised for having saved a child's life。他因挽救一个孩子的生命而受到表扬。/We punished him for an offence. 我们因他犯罪而惩罚了他。/We rewarded her for her services. 我们因她的功劳而给予奖励。/You must compensate him for his loss. 你必须赔偿他的损失。/Excuse me for coming late. 对不起,我来迟了。/You should forgive him for being rude. 你应该原谅他的鲁莽。/I hope you will pardon me for disagreeing with you. 我希望你原谅我不同意你的意见。这些动词还有其他搭配用法,这里不介绍了。(未完,待续)